References
AbuRahma, Ali F., Efthymios D. Avgerinos, Robert W. Chang, R. Clement
Darling, Audra A. Duncan, Thomas L. Forbes, Mahmoud B. Malas, et al.
2022. “Society for Vascular Surgery Clinical Practice Guidelines
for Management of Extracranial Cerebrovascular Disease.”
Journal of Vascular Surgery 75 (1): 4S–22S. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2021.04.073.
Aherne, T. M., E. J. Ryan, M. R. Boland, K. McKevitt, A. Hassanin, M.
Tubassam, T. Y. Tang, and S. Walsh. 2020a. “Concomitant Vs. Staged
Treatment of Varicose Tributaries as an Adjunct to Endovenous Ablation:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Vascular
Surgery 72 (4): 1506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.08.008.
———. 2020b. “Concomitant Vs. Staged Treatment of Varicose
Tributaries as an Adjunct to Endovenous Ablation: A Systematic Review
and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 72 (4):
1506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.08.008.
Allison, Matthew A., David G. Armstrong, Philip P. Goodney, Naomi M.
Hamburg, Lee Kirksey, Kristie J. Lancaster, Carlos I. Mena-Hurtado,
Sanjay Misra, Diane J. Treat-Jacobson, and Khendi T. White Solaru. 2023.
“Health Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Scientific
Statement From the American Heart Association.”
Circulation 148 (3): 286–96. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000001153.
Arya, Shipra, Sujin Lee, Greg J. Zahner, Beth E. Cohen, Jade Hiramoto,
Owen M. Wolkowitz, Anjali Khakharia, Zachary O. Binney, and S. Marlene
Grenon. 2018. “The Association of Comorbid Depression with
Mortality and Amputation in Veterans with Peripheral Artery
Disease.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 68 (2):
536–545.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.10.092.
Assari, Shervin. 2014. “Veterans and Risk of Heart Disease in the
United States: A Cohort with 20 Years of Follow Up.”
International Journal of Preventive Medicine 5 (6): 703–9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085922/.
“Atherectomy for Lower Extremity Intervention: Why, When, and
Which Device?” n.d. https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2015/06/16/07/58/http%3a%2f%2fwww.acc.org%2flatest-in-cardiology%2farticles%2f2015%2f06%2f16%2f07%2f58%2fatherectomy-for-lower-extremity-intervention.
Azar, Julian, Amit Rao, and Alisha Oropallo. 2022a. “Chronic
Venous Insufficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Management.”
Journal of Wound Care 31 (6): 510–19. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2022.31.6.510.
———. 2022b. “Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Comprehensive Review
of Management.” Journal of Wound Care 31 (6): 510–19. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2022.31.6.510.
Bazikian, Sebouh, Diego Urbina, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Karla A Gonzalez, Emily
R Rosario, Dan I Chu, Jennifer Tsui, and Tze-Woei Tan. 2023.
“Examining Health Care Access Disparities in Hispanic Populations
with Peripheral Artery Disease and Diabetes.” Vascular
Medicine 28 (6): 547–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863x231191546.
Beckman, Joshua A., Peter A. Schneider, and Michael S. Conte. 2021.
“Advances in Revascularization for Peripheral Artery Disease:
Revascularization in PAD.” Circulation Research 128
(12): 1885–1912. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.121.318261.
“Beneficial Effect of Carotid Endarterectomy in Symptomatic
Patients with High-Grade Carotid Stenosis.” 1991. New England
Journal of Medicine 325 (7): 445–53. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199108153250701.
Bennardo, Luigi, Maria Passante, Norma Cameli, Antonio Cristaudo,
Cataldo Patruno, Steven Paul Nisticò, and Martina Silvestri. 2021.
“Skin Manifestations After Ionizing Radiation Exposure: A
Systematic Review.” Bioengineering 8 (11): 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110153.
Berchiolli, Raffaella, Giulia Bertagna, Daniele Adami, Francesco
Canovaro, Lorenzo Torri, and Nicola Troisi. 2023. “Chronic
Limb-Threatening Ischemia and the Need for Revascularization.”
Journal of Clinical Medicine 12 (7): 2682. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072682.
Blanchette, Virginie, Malindu E. Fernando, Laura Shin, Vincent L. Rowe,
Kenneth R. Ziegler, and David G. Armstrong. 2022. “Evolution of
WIfI: Expansion of WIfI Notation After Intervention.” The
International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, September,
153473462211228. https://doi.org/10.1177/15347346221122860.
Boersma, Doeke, Ramon RJP van Eekeren, Hans JC Kelder, Debora AB Werson,
Suzanne Holewijn, Michiel A Schreve, Michel MPJ Reijnen, and Jean Paul
PM de Vries. 2014a. “Mechanochemical Endovenous Ablation Versus
Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Primary Small Saphenous Vein
Insufficiency (MESSI Trial): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled
Trial.” Trials 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-421.
———. 2014b. “Mechanochemical Endovenous Ablation Versus
Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Primary Small Saphenous Vein
Insufficiency (MESSI Trial): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled
Trial.” Trials 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-421.
Bootun, Roshan, Tristan R. A. Lane, Ian J. Franklin, and Alun H. Davies.
2017a. “Endovenous Sealing of Superficial Veins.” In,
145–52. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65226-9_11.
———. 2017b. “Endovenous Sealing of Superficial Veins.” In,
145–52. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65226-9_11.
Chaikof, Elliot L., Ronald L. Dalman, Mark K. Eskandari, Benjamin M.
Jackson, W. Anthony Lee, M. Ashraf Mansour, Tara M. Mastracci, et al.
2018. “The Society for Vascular Surgery Practice Guidelines on the
Care of Patients with an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.” Journal
of Vascular Surgery 67 (1): 2–77.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.10.044.
Cheon, Bo Kyung, Cho Long Kim, Ka Ram Kim, Min Hye Kang, Jeong Ae Lim,
Nam Sik Woo, Ka Young Rhee, Hae Kyoung Kim, and Jae Hun Kim. 2018.
“Radiation Safety: A Focus on Lead Aprons and Thyroid Shields in
Interventional Pain Management.” The Korean Journal of
Pain 31 (4): 244–52. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2018.31.4.244.
Cioffi, Dante Luigi, Luca Fontana, Veruscka Leso, Pasquale Dolce,
Rosalba Vitale, Ilaria Vetrani, Aniello Galdi, and Ivo Iavicoli. 2020.
“Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Exposure and Risk of Thyroid
Functional Alterations in Healthcare Workers.” European
Journal of Radiology 132 (November): 109279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109279.
Conte, Michael S., Andrew W. Bradbury, Philippe Kolh, John V. White,
Florian Dick, Robert Fitridge, Joseph L. Mills, et al. 2019a.
“Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management of Chronic
Limb-Threatening Ischemia.” Journal of Vascular Surgery
69 (6): 3S–125S.e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016.
———, et al. 2019b. “Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management
of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.” Journal of Vascular
Surgery 69 (6): 3S–125S.e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016.
———, et al. 2019c. “Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management
of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.” Journal of Vascular
Surgery 69 (6): 3S–125S.e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016.
———, et al. 2019d. “Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management
of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.” Journal of Vascular
Surgery 69 (6): 3S–125S.e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016.
———, et al. 2019e. “Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management
of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.” Journal of Vascular
Surgery 69 (6): 3S–125S.e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016.
Conte, Michael S., Frank B. Pomposelli, Daniel G. Clair, Patrick J.
Geraghty, James F. McKinsey, Joseph L. Mills, Gregory L. Moneta, et al.
2015a. “Society for Vascular Surgery Practice Guidelines for
Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease of the Lower Extremities: Management
of Asymptomatic Disease and Claudication.” Journal of
Vascular Surgery 61 (3): 2S–41S.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.12.009.
———, et al. 2015b. “Society for Vascular Surgery Practice
Guidelines for Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease of the Lower
Extremities: Management of Asymptomatic Disease and
Claudication.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 61 (3):
2S–41S.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.12.009.
Darling, R. Clement, and C. Keith Ozaki, eds. 2016. Vascular
Surgery. Arterial Procedures. Master Techniques in Surgery.
Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
Davies, Alun H. 2019a. “The Seriousness of Chronic Venous Disease:
A Review of Real-World Evidence.” Advances in Therapy 36
(S1): 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-0881-7.
———. 2019b. “The Seriousness of Chronic Venous Disease: A Review
of Real-World Evidence.” Advances in Therapy 36 (S1):
5–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-0881-7.
Dillavou, Ellen D., Satish C. Muluk, and Michel S. Makaroun. 2006.
“A Decade of Change in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in the
United States: Have We Improved Outcomes Equally Between Men and
Women?” Journal of Vascular Surgery 43 (2): 230–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2005.09.043.
DiLosa, Kathryn L., Ryan Khoa Nguyen, Christina Brown, Aidan Waugh, and
Misty D. Humphries. 2023. “Defining Vascular Deserts to Describe
Access to Care and Identify Sites for Targeted Limb Preservation
Outreach.” Annals of Vascular Surgery 95 (September):
125–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2023.05.025.
Eberhardt, Robert T., and Joseph D. Raffetto. 2014a. “Chronic
Venous Insufficiency.” Circulation 130 (4): 333–46. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.113.006898.
———. 2014b. “Chronic Venous Insufficiency.”
Circulation 130 (4): 333–46. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.113.006898.
Eklof, Bo, Michel Perrin, Konstantinos T. Delis, Robert B. Rutherford,
and Peter Gloviczki. 2009a. “Updated Terminology of Chronic Venous
Disorders: The VEIN-TERM Transatlantic Interdisciplinary Consensus
Document.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 49 (2): 498–501.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.09.014.
———. 2009b. “Updated Terminology of Chronic Venous Disorders: The
VEIN-TERM Transatlantic Interdisciplinary Consensus Document.”
Journal of Vascular Surgery 49 (2): 498–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.09.014.
Elder, Deirdre, and Catherine Vu. 2013. “Pregnancy and the Working
Interventional Radiologist.” Seminars in Interventional
Radiology 30 (04): 403–7. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1359735.
Gerhard-Herman, Marie D., Heather L. Gornik, Coletta Barrett, Neal R.
Barshes, Matthew A. Corriere, Douglas E. Drachman, Lee A. Fleisher, et
al. 2017a. “2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients
With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Executive Summary: A
Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.” Circulation
135 (12). https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000470.
———, et al. 2017b. “2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of
Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Executive
Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart
Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.”
Circulation 135 (12). https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000470.
Giannakakis, Sotirios, George Galyfos, Ioannis Sachmpazidis, Kostas
Kapasas, Stavros Kerasidis, Ioannis Stamatatos, Georgios Geropapas,
Georgios Kastrisios, Gerasimos Papacharalampous, and Chrisostomos
Maltezos. 2017. “Thrombolysis in Peripheral Artery
Disease.” Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease
11 (4): 125–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753944716687517.
Gloviczki, Peter, Peter F. Lawrence, Suman M. Wasan, Mark H. Meissner,
Jose Almeida, Kellie R. Brown, Ruth L. Bush, et al. 2024a. “The
2023 Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum, and American
Vein and Lymphatic Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the
Management of Varicose Veins of the Lower Extremities. Part II.”
Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 12
(1): 101670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2023.08.011.
———, et al. 2024b. “The 2023 Society for Vascular Surgery,
American Venous Forum, and American Vein and Lymphatic Society Clinical
Practice Guidelines for the Management of Varicose Veins of the Lower
Extremities. Part II.” Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous
and Lymphatic Disorders 12 (1): 101670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2023.08.011.
Gohel, Manjit S., Francine Heatley, Xinxue Liu, Andrew Bradbury, Richard
Bulbulia, Nicky Cullum, David M. Epstein, et al. 2018a. “A
Randomized Trial of Early Endovenous Ablation in Venous
Ulceration.” New England Journal of Medicine 378 (22):
2105–14. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1801214.
———, et al. 2018b. “A Randomized Trial of Early Endovenous
Ablation in Venous Ulceration.” New England Journal of
Medicine 378 (22): 2105–14. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1801214.
Hackler, Eddie L., Naomi M. Hamburg, and Khendi T. White Solaru. 2021.
“Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripheral Artery
Disease.” Circulation Research 128 (12): 1913–26. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.121.318243.
Hager, Eric S., Christopher Washington, Amy Steinmetz, Timothy Wu,
Michael Singh, and Ellen Dillavou. 2016a. “Factors That Influence
Perforator Vein Closure Rates Using Radiofrequency Ablation, Laser
Ablation, or Foam Sclerotherapy.” Journal of Vascular
Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 4 (1): 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2015.08.004.
———. 2016b. “Factors That Influence Perforator Vein Closure Rates
Using Radiofrequency Ablation, Laser Ablation, or Foam
Sclerotherapy.” Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and
Lymphatic Disorders 4 (1): 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2015.08.004.
Hamada, Nobuyuki, and Yuki Fujimichi. 2014. “Classification of
Radiation Effects for Dose Limitation Purposes: History, Current
Situation and Future Prospects.” Journal of Radiation
Research 55 (4): 629–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rru019.
Hardman, Rulon, Omid Jazaeri, J. Yi, M. Smith, and Rajan Gupta. 2014.
“Overview of Classification Systems in Peripheral Artery
Disease.” Seminars in Interventional Radiology 31 (04):
378–88. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1393976.
“Health Disparities | DASH | CDC.” 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/disparities/index.htm.
Hoel, Andrew W., Ahmed Kayssi, Soma Brahmanandam, Michael Belkin,
Michael S. Conte, and Louis L. Nguyen. 2009. “Under-Representation
of Women and Ethnic Minorities in Vascular Surgery Randomized Controlled
Trials.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 50 (2): 349–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2009.01.012.
Howard, Dominic P J, Liam Gaziano, and Peter M Rothwell. 2021.
“Risk of Stroke in Relation to Degree of Asymptomatic Carotid
Stenosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study, Systematic Review, and
Meta-Analysis.” The Lancet Neurology 20 (3): 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30484-1.
Hwang, Songhon, Julio Ramos, Kelsey Berger, Daniel Veyg, Sungyup Kim,
Michael Marin, Peter Faries, and Windsor Ting. 2020a. “Long-Term
Outcomes After Iliocaval Venous Stenting.” Journal of
Vascular Surgery 72 (5): e368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.08.090.
———. 2020b. “Long-Term Outcomes After Iliocaval Venous
Stenting.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 72 (5): e368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.08.090.
Iglesias, Maria Laura, Angelica Schmidt, Abir Al Ghuzlan, Ludovic
Lacroix, Florent de Vathaire, Sylvie Chevillard, and Martin
Schlumberger. 2017. “Radiation Exposure and Thyroid Cancer: A
Review.” Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism 61
(2): 180–87. https://doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000257.
“Information for Radiation Workers.” n.d. https://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/health-effects/info.html.
Jacob, S., L. Donadille, C. Maccia, O. Bar, S. Boveda, D. Laurier, and
M.-O. Bernier. 2012. “Eye Lens Radiation Exposure to
Interventional Cardiologists: A Retrospective Assessment of
Cumulativedoses.” Radiation Protection Dosimetry 153
(3): 282–93. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncs116.
Kabnick, Lowell S., Mikel Sadek, Haraldur Bjarnason, Dawn M. Coleman,
Ellen D. Dillavou, Anil P. Hingorani, Brajesh K. Lal, Peter F. Lawrence,
Rafael D. Malgor, and Alessandra Puggioni. 2021. “Classification
and Treatment of Endothermal Heat-Induced Thrombosis: Recommendations
from the American Venous Forum and the Society for Vascular
Surgery.” Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic
Disorders 9 (1): 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.06.008.
Karnabatidis, Dimitris, Stavros Spiliopoulos, Dimitrios Tsetis, and
Dimitris Siablis. 2011. “Quality Improvement Guidelines for
Percutaneous Catheter-Directed Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis and
Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Lower-Limb Ischemia.”
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 34 (6): 1123–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-011-0258-z.
Kassem, Hussein Heshmat, and Mahmoud Farouk Elmahdy. 2014. Femoral
Artery Pseudoaneurysm Current Diagnosis and Treatment. LAP LAMBERT
Academic Publishing. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3471.2640.
Kassem, Hussein Heshmat, Mahmoud Farouk Elmahdy, Essam Baligh Ewis, and
Soilman Ghareeb Mahdy. 2013. “Incidence and Predictors of
Post-Catheterization Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysms.” The
Egyptian Heart Journal 65 (3): 213–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehj.2012.07.003.
Kazis, Lewis E., Donald R. Miller, Jack Clark, Katherine Skinner, Austin
Lee, William Rogers, Avron Spiro, et al. 1998. “Health-Related
Quality of Life in Patients Served by the Department of Veterans
Affairs.” Archives of Internal Medicine 158 (6): 626. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.6.626.
Khan, Tahir, Falahat Farooqui, and Khusrow Niazi. 2008. “Critical
Review of the Ankle Brachial Index.” Current Cardiology
Reviews 4 (2): 101–6. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340308784245810.
Kim, Jae Hun. 2018. “Three Principles for Radiation Safety: Time,
Distance, and Shielding.” The Korean Journal of Pain 31
(3): 145–46. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2018.31.3.145.
Kim, Young, C. Y. Maximilian Png, Brandon J. Sumpio, Charles S. DeCarlo,
and Anahita Dua. 2021a. “Defining the Human and Health Care Costs
of Chronic Venous Insufficiency.” Seminars in Vascular
Surgery 34 (1): 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2021.02.007.
———. 2021b. “Defining the Human and Health Care Costs of Chronic
Venous Insufficiency.” Seminars in Vascular Surgery 34
(1): 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2021.02.007.
Kirkwood, Melissa L., Andrea Klein, Jeffrey Guild, Gary Arbique, Yin Xi,
Shirling Tsai, Bala Ramanan, and Carlos Timaran. 2020. “Novel
Modification to Leaded Eyewear Results in Significant Operator Eye
Radiation Dose Reduction.” Journal of Vascular Surgery
72 (6): 2139–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.02.049.
Lederle, Frank A., Tassos C. Kyriakides, Kevin T. Stroupe, Julie A.
Freischlag, Frank T. Padberg, Jon S. Matsumura, Zhiping Huo, and Gary R.
Johnson. 2019. “Open Versus Endovascular Repair of Abdominal
Aortic Aneurysm.” New England Journal of Medicine 380
(22): 2126–35. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1715955.
Lederle, Frank A., Samuel E. Wilson, Gary R. Johnson, Donovan B. Reinke,
Fred N. Littooy, Charles W. Acher, David J. Ballard, et al. 2002.
“Immediate Repair Compared with Surveillance of Small Abdominal
Aortic Aneurysms.” New England Journal of Medicine 346
(19): 1437–44. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa012573.
Lee, Michael Ho-Yan, Pei Ye Li, Ben Li, Audrey Shakespeare, Yasith
Samarasinghe, Tiam Feridooni, Cesar Cuen-Ojeda, Lina Alshabanah, Teruko
Kishibe, and Mohammed Al-Omran. 2022. “A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis of Sex- and Gender-Based Differences in Presentation
Severity and Outcomes in Adults Undergoing Major Vascular
Surgery.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 76 (2):
581–594.e25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2022.02.030.
Leuraud, Klervi, David B Richardson, Elisabeth Cardis, Robert D Daniels,
Michael Gillies, Jacqueline A O’Hagan, Ghassan B Hamra, et al. 2015.
“Ionising Radiation and Risk of Death from Leukaemia and Lymphoma
in Radiation-Monitored Workers (INWORKS): An International Cohort
Study.” The Lancet Haematology 2 (7): e276–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3026(15)00094-0.
Liew, Yin Ping, and John R Bartholomew. 2005. “Atheromatous
Embolization.” Vascular Medicine 10 (4): 309–26. https://doi.org/10.1191/1358863x05vm640ra.
Loganovsky, Konstantin N., Donatella Marazziti, Pavlo A. Fedirko,
Kostiantyn V. Kuts, Katerina Y. Antypchuk, Iryna V. Perchuk, Tetyana F.
Babenko, et al. 2020. “Radiation-Induced Cerebro-Ophthalmic
Effects in Humans.” Life 10 (4): 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10040041.
Lurie, Fedor, Marc Passman, Mark Meisner, Michael Dalsing, Elna Masuda,
Harold Welch, Ruth L. Bush, et al. 2020a. “The 2020 Update of the
CEAP Classification System and Reporting Standards.” Journal
of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 8 (3): 342–52.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.12.075.
———, et al. 2020b. “The 2020 Update of the CEAP Classification
System and Reporting Standards.” Journal of Vascular Surgery:
Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 8 (3): 342–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.12.075.
Maleti, O., and M. Perrin. 2011a. “Reconstructive Surgery for Deep
Vein Reflux in the Lower Limbs: Techniques, Results and
Indications.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery 41 (6): 837–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.02.013.
———. 2011b. “Reconstructive Surgery for Deep Vein Reflux in the
Lower Limbs: Techniques, Results and Indications.” European
Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 41 (6): 837–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.02.013.
“Mapping Healthcare Deserts: 80.” n.d. https://www.goodrx.com/healthcare-access/research/healthcare-deserts-80-percent-of-country-lacks-adequate-healthcare-access.
Marci, Roberto, Maddalena Mallozzi, Luisa Di Benedetto, Mauro
Schimberni, Stefano Mossa, Ilaria Soave, Stefano Palomba, and Donatella
Caserta. 2018. “Radiations and Female Fertility.”
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 16 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0432-0.
McDermott, Mary M., and Michael H. Criqui. 2018. “Ankle-Brachial
Index Screening and Improving Peripheral Artery Disease Detection and
Outcomes.” JAMA 320 (2): 143. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.8953.
Meissner, Mark H. 2005a. “Lower Extremity Venous Anatomy.”
Seminars in Interventional Radiology 22 (03): 147–56. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-921948.
———. 2005b. “Lower Extremity Venous Anatomy.” Seminars
in Interventional Radiology 22 (03): 147–56. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-921948.
Michaels, J, W Campbell, J Brazier, J MacIntyre, S Palfreyman, J
Ratcliffe, and K Rigby. 2006a. “Randomised Clinical Trial,
Observational Study and Assessment of Cost-Effectiveness of the
Treatment of Varicose Veins (REACTIV Trial).” Health
Technology Assessment 10 (13). https://doi.org/10.3310/hta10130.
———. 2006b. “Randomised Clinical Trial, Observational Study and
Assessment of Cost-Effectiveness of the Treatment of Varicose Veins
(REACTIV Trial).” Health Technology Assessment 10 (13).
https://doi.org/10.3310/hta10130.
Mills, Joseph L., Michael S. Conte, David G. Armstrong, Frank B.
Pomposelli, Andres Schanzer, Anton N. Sidawy, and George Andros. 2014.
“The Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb
Classification System: Risk Stratification Based on Wound, Ischemia, and
Foot Infection (WIfI).” Journal of Vascular Surgery 59
(1): 220–234.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2013.08.003.
Misra-Hebert, Anita D., Laura Santurri, Richard DeChant, Brook Watts,
Michael Rothberg, Ashwini R. Sehgal, and David C. Aron. 2015.
“Understanding the Health Needs and Barriers to Seeking Health
Care of Veteran Students in the Community.” Southern Medical
Journal 108 (8): 488–93. https://doi.org/10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000326.
Mitchell, Erica L., and Patricia Furey. 2011. “Prevention of
Radiation Injury from Medical Imaging.” Journal of Vascular
Surgery 53 (1): 22S–27S. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.05.139.
Moore, Wesley S., Peter F. Lawrence, and Gustavo S. Oderich, eds. 2019a.
Moore’s vascular and endovascular surgery: a comprehensive
review. Ninth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
———, eds. 2019b. Vascular and Endovascular Surgery: A Comprehensive
Review. Ninth edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders.
Nijsten, Tamar, Renate R. van den Bos, Mitchel P. Goldman, Michael A.
Kockaert, Thomas M. Proebstle, Eberhard Rabe, Neil S. Sadick, Robert A.
Weiss, and Martino H. A. Neumann. 2009. “Minimally Invasive
Techniques in the Treatment of Saphenous Varicose Veins.”
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 60 (1): 110–19.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2008.07.046.
Palfreyman, S J, and J A Michaels. 2009a. “A Systematic Review of
Compression Hosiery for Uncomplicated Varicose Veins.”
Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 24
(1_suppl): 13–33. https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2009.09s003.
———. 2009b. “A Systematic Review of Compression Hosiery for
Uncomplicated Varicose Veins.” Phlebology: The Journal of
Venous Disease 24 (1_suppl): 13–33. https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2009.09s003.
Parkinson, Fran, Stuart Ferguson, Peter Lewis, Ian M. Williams, and
Christopher P. Twine. 2015. “Rupture Rates of Untreated Large
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Patients Unfit for Elective
Repair.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 61 (6): 1606–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.10.023.
Parodi, J. C., J. C. Palmaz, and H. D. Barone. 1991. “Transfemoral
Intraluminal Graft Implantation for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.”
Annals of Vascular Surgery 5 (6): 491–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02015271.
Patel, Manesh R., Hani Jneid, Colin P. Derdeyn, Lloyd W. Klein, Glenn N.
Levine, Robert A. Lookstein, Christopher J. White, Yerem Yeghiazarians,
and Kenneth Rosenfield. 2010a. “Arteriotomy Closure Devices for
Cardiovascular Procedures.” Circulation 122 (18):
1882–93. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0b013e3181f9b345.
———. 2010b. “Arteriotomy Closure Devices for Cardiovascular
Procedures.” Circulation 122 (18): 1882–93. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0b013e3181f9b345.
Perrin, Michel, Denis Creton, Nicolas Fassiadis, and Seiji Kato. n.d.a.
“Endovenous Treatment of Lower-Limb . . . . . PAGE 337 Varices by
Laser and Radiofrequency.”
———. n.d.b. “Endovenous Treatment of Lower-Limb . . . . . PAGE 337
Varices by Laser and Radiofrequency.”
Qrareya, Mohammad, and Bara Zuhaili. 2021. “Management of
Postoperative Complications Following Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm
Repair.” Surgical Clinics of North America 101 (5):
785–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2021.05.020.
“Radiation Emergency Preparedness and Response - Response |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration.” n.d. https://www.osha.gov/emergency-preparedness/radiation/response.
“Radiation In Perspective.” n.d.
Rautio, Tero, Arto Ohinmaa, Jukka Perälä, Pasi Ohtonen, Timo Heikkinen,
Heikki Wiik, Pasi Karjalainen, Kari Haukipuro, and Tatu Juvonen. 2002a.
“Endovenous Obliteration Versus Conventional Stripping Operation
in the Treatment of Primary Varicose Veins: A Randomized Controlled
Trial with Comparison of the Costs.” Journal of Vascular
Surgery 35 (5): 958–65. https://doi.org/10.1067/mva.2002.123096.
———. 2002b. “Endovenous Obliteration Versus Conventional Stripping
Operation in the Treatment of Primary Varicose Veins: A Randomized
Controlled Trial with Comparison of the Costs.” Journal of
Vascular Surgery 35 (5): 958–65. https://doi.org/10.1067/mva.2002.123096.
Remington, Patrick L, Bridget B Catlin, and Keith P Gennuso. 2015.
“The County Health Rankings: Rationale and Methods.”
Population Health Metrics 13 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12963-015-0044-2.
Rial, Rodrigo, and Eliseo Vañó. 2021. “Understanding the Basis of
Radiation Protection for Endovascular Procedures: Occupational and
Patients.” EJVES Vascular Forum 51: 20–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvsvf.2021.03.001.
Ricotta, John J., Ali AbuRahma, Enrico Ascher, Mark Eskandari, Peter
Faries, and Brajesh K. Lal. 2011. “Updated Society for Vascular
Surgery Guidelines for Management of Extracranial Carotid Disease:
Executive Summary.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 54 (3):
832–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.07.004.
Samara, Eleni Theano, Davide Cester, Miha Furlan, Thomas Pfammatter,
Thomas Frauenfelder, and Anja Stüssi. 2022. “Efficiency Evaluation
of Leaded Glasses and Visors for Eye Lens Dose Reduction During
Fluoroscopy Guided Interventional Procedures.” Physica
Medica 100 (August): 129–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.06.021.
Schaik, Theodorus G. van, Kak K. Yeung, Hence J. Verhagen, Jorg L. de
Bruin, Marc R. H. M. van Sambeek, Ron Balm, Clark J. Zeebregts, et al.
2017. “Long-Term Survival and Secondary Procedures After Open or
Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.” Journal
of Vascular Surgery 66 (5): 1379–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.05.122.
Schanzer, Andres, and Gustavo S. Oderich. 2021. “Management of
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.” New England Journal of
Medicine 385 (18): 1690–98. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp2108504.
Scott, Thayer E., Wayne W. LaMorte, Daniel R. Gorin, and James O.
Menzoian. 1995a. “Risk Factors for Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A
Dual Case-Control Study.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 22
(5): 622–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0741-5214(95)70050-1.
———. 1995b. “Risk Factors for Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Dual
Case-Control Study.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 22 (5):
622–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0741-5214(95)70050-1.
Sell, H., P. Vikatmaa, A. Albäck, M. Lepäntalo, A. Malmivaara, O.
Mahmoud, and M. Venermo. 2014a. “Compression Therapy Versus
Surgery in the Treatment of Patients with Varicose Veins: A RCT.”
European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 47 (6):
670–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.02.015.
———. 2014b. “Compression Therapy Versus Surgery in the Treatment
of Patients with Varicose Veins: A RCT.” European Journal of
Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 47 (6): 670–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.02.015.
Sidawy, Anton N., and Bruce A. Perler. 2023a. Rutherford’s Vascular
Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. 10th Edition. Philadelphia:
Elsevier.
———. 2023b. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery and Endovascular
Therapy. 10th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
———. 2023c. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery and Endovascular
Therapy. 10th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
Siracuse, Jeffrey J., Alik Farber, Thomas W. Cheng, Stephen J. Raulli,
Douglas W. Jones, Jeffrey A. Kalish, Matthew R. Smeds, Denis Rybin, and
Marc L. Schermerhorn. 2019. “Common Femoral Artery Antegrade and
Retrograde Approaches Have Similar Access Site Complications.”
Journal of Vascular Surgery 69 (4): 1160–1166.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2018.06.226.
Stewart, F. A., A. V. Akleyev, M. Hauer-Jensen, J. H. Hendry, N. J.
Kleiman, T. J. MacVittie, B. M. Aleman, et al. 2012. “ICRP
PUBLICATION 118: ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions and Early and Late
Effects of Radiation in Normal Tissues and Organs
Threshold Doses for Tissue Reactions in a Radiation Protection
Context.” Edited by C. H. Clement. Annals of the ICRP 41
(1-2): 1–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icrp.2012.02.001.
Tulla, Katrina, Andrew Kowalski, and Erion Qaja. 2024. “Femoral
Artery Pseudoaneurysm.” In. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls
Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493210/.
Vasquez, Michael A., Eberhard Rabe, Robert B. McLafferty, Cynthia K.
Shortell, William A. Marston, David Gillespie, Mark H. Meissner, and
Robert B. Rutherford. 2010a. “Revision of the Venous Clinical
Severity Score: Venous Outcomes Consensus Statement: Special
Communication of the American Venous Forum Ad Hoc Outcomes Working
Group.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 52 (5): 1387–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.06.161.
———. 2010b. “Revision of the Venous Clinical Severity Score:
Venous Outcomes Consensus Statement: Special Communication of the
American Venous Forum Ad Hoc Outcomes Working Group.” Journal
of Vascular Surgery 52 (5): 1387–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.06.161.
Waddell, Bradford S., W. Hunter Waddell, Gustavo Godoy, and Joseph M.
Zavatsky. 2016. “Comparison of Ocular Radiation Exposure Utilizing
Three Types of Leaded Glasses.” SPINE 41 (4): E231–36.
https://doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000001204.
Walker, Michael D. 1995. “Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Carotid
Artery Stenosis.” JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical
Association 273 (18): 1421. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03520420037035.
Wdowiak, Artur, Michal Skrzypek, Magdalena Stec, and Lech Panasiuk.
2019. “Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Male Reproductive
System.” Annals of Agricultural and Environmental
Medicine 26 (2): 210–16. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/106085.
Weerakkody, R A, S R Walsh, C Cousins, K E Goldstone, T Y Tang, and M E
Gaunt. 2008a. “Radiation Exposure During Endovascular Aneurysm
Repair.” British Journal of Surgery 95 (6): 699–702. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6229.
———. 2008b. “Radiation Exposure During Endovascular Aneurysm
Repair.” British Journal of Surgery 95 (6): 699–702. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6229.
Weiss, Robert A., Craig Feied, and Margaret A. Weiss. 2001a. Vein
diagnosis and treatment: a comprehensive approach. New York:
McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division.
———. 2001b. Vein diagnosis and treatment: a comprehensive
approach. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division.
Wijnand, Joep G. J., Devin Zarkowsky, Bian Wu, Steven T. W. van Haelst,
Evert-Jan P. A. Vonken, Thomas A. Sorrentino, Zachary Pallister, et al.
2021. “The Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) for CLTI:
Improving Inter-Observer Agreement.” Journal of Clinical
Medicine 10 (16): 3454. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163454.
Willey, James, Amgad Mentias, Mary Vaughan-Sarrazin, Kimberly McCoy,
Gary Rosenthal, and Saket Girotra. 2018. “Epidemiology of Lower
Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease in Veterans.” Journal of
Vascular Surgery 68 (2): 527–535.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.11.083.
Wittens, C., A. H. Davies, N. Bækgaard, R. Broholm, A. Cavezzi, S.
Chastanet, M. de Wolf, et al. 2015a. “Editor’s Choice
Management of Chronic Venous Disease.” European
Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 49 (6): 678–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.02.007.
———, et al. 2015b. “Editor’s Choice Management of
Chronic Venous Disease.” European Journal of Vascular and
Endovascular Surgery 49 (6): 678–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.02.007.