References

“2019 Annual Data Report - USRDS - NIDDK.” n.d. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/strategic-plans-reports/usrds/prior-data-reports/2019.

AbuRahma, Ali F., Efthymios D. Avgerinos, Robert W. Chang, R. Clement Darling, Audra A. Duncan, Thomas L. Forbes, Mahmoud B. Malas, et al. 2022. “Society for Vascular Surgery Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Extracranial Cerebrovascular Disease.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 75 (1): 4S–22S. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2021.04.073.

Aherne, T. M., E. J. Ryan, M. R. Boland, K. McKevitt, A. Hassanin, M. Tubassam, T. Y. Tang, and S. Walsh. 2020a. “Concomitant Vs. Staged Treatment of Varicose Tributaries as an Adjunct to Endovenous Ablation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 72 (4): 1506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.08.008.

———. 2020b. “Concomitant Vs. Staged Treatment of Varicose Tributaries as an Adjunct to Endovenous Ablation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 72 (4): 1506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.08.008.

Al Shakarchi, J., J. G. Houston, R. G. Jones, and N. Inston. 2015. “A Review on the Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) Graft for Haemodialysis Vascular Access.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 50 (1): 108–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.03.059.

Al-Jaishi, Ahmed A., Matthew J. Oliver, Sonia M. Thomas, Charmaine E. Lok, Joyce C. Zhang, Amit X. Garg, Sarah D. Kosa, Robert R. Quinn, and Louise M. Moist. 2014. “Patency Rates of the Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 63 (3): 464–78. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.08.023.

Allison, Matthew A., David G. Armstrong, Philip P. Goodney, Naomi M. Hamburg, Lee Kirksey, Kristie J. Lancaster, Carlos I. Mena-Hurtado, Sanjay Misra, Diane J. Treat-Jacobson, and Khendi T. White Solaru. 2023. “Health Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.” Circulation 148 (3): 286–96. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000001153.

Alrowiyti, IbrahimMohammed, and Joanne Bargman. 2023. “A Review of Residual Kidney Function in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.” Indian Journal of Nephrology 33 (4): 239. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijn.ijn_242_23.

“Annual Data Report.” n.d. https://usrds-adr.niddk.nih.gov/.

Arya, Shipra, Sujin Lee, Greg J. Zahner, Beth E. Cohen, Jade Hiramoto, Owen M. Wolkowitz, Anjali Khakharia, Zachary O. Binney, and S. Marlene Grenon. 2018. “The Association of Comorbid Depression with Mortality and Amputation in Veterans with Peripheral Artery Disease.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 68 (2): 536–545.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.10.092.

Asif, Arif, Prabir Roy-Chaudhury, and Gerald A. Beathard. 2006. “Early Arteriovenous Fistula Failure.” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1 (2): 332–39. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.00850805.

Asif, Arif, Stephen W. Unger, Patricia Briones, Donna Merrill, Gautam Cherla, Oliver Lenz, David Roth, and Phillip Pennell. 2005. “ASDIN Original Investigations: Creation of Secondary Arteriovenous Fistulas: Maximizing Fistulas in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients.” Seminars in Dialysis 18 (5): 420–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-139x.2005.00080.x.

Assari, Shervin. 2014. “Veterans and Risk of Heart Disease in the United States: A Cohort with 20 Years of Follow Up.” International Journal of Preventive Medicine 5 (6): 703–9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085922/.

“Atherectomy for Lower Extremity Intervention: Why, When, and Which Device?” n.d. https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2015/06/16/07/58/http%3a%2f%2fwww.acc.org%2flatest-in-cardiology%2farticles%2f2015%2f06%2f16%2f07%2f58%2fatherectomy-for-lower-extremity-intervention.

Azar, Julian, Amit Rao, and Alisha Oropallo. 2022a. “Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Management.” Journal of Wound Care 31 (6): 510–19. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2022.31.6.510.

———. 2022b. “Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Comprehensive Review of Management.” Journal of Wound Care 31 (6): 510–19. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2022.31.6.510.

Baril, Donald T., Virendra I. Patel, Dejah R. Judelson, Philip P. Goodney, James T. McPhee, Nathanael D. Hevelone, Jack L. Cronenwett, and Andres Schanzer. 2013. “Outcomes of Lower Extremity Bypass Performed for Acute Limb Ischemia.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 58 (4): 949–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2013.04.036.

Bazikian, Sebouh, Diego Urbina, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Karla A Gonzalez, Emily R Rosario, Dan I Chu, Jennifer Tsui, and Tze-Woei Tan. 2023. “Examining Health Care Access Disparities in Hispanic Populations with Peripheral Artery Disease and Diabetes.” Vascular Medicine 28 (6): 547–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863x231191546.

Beathard, Gerald A. 2000. “Strategy for Maximizing the Use of ArteriovenousFistulae.” Seminars in Dialysis 13 (5): 291–96. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-139x.2000.00079.x.

Beathard, Gerald A., Aris Urbanes, and Terry Litchfield. 2017. “Changes in the Profile of Endovascular Procedures Performed in Freestanding Dialysis Access Centers over 15 Years.” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12 (5): 779–86. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.09730916.

Beckman, Joshua A., Peter A. Schneider, and Michael S. Conte. 2021. “Advances in Revascularization for Peripheral Artery Disease: Revascularization in PAD.” Circulation Research 128 (12): 1885–1912. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.121.318261.

Bello, Aminu K., Ikechi G. Okpechi, Mohamed A. Osman, Yeoungjee Cho, Brett Cullis, Htay Htay, Vivekanand Jha, et al. 2022. “Epidemiology of Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes.” Nature Reviews Nephrology 18 (12): 779–93. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-022-00623-7.

“Beneficial Effect of Carotid Endarterectomy in Symptomatic Patients with High-Grade Carotid Stenosis.” 1991. New England Journal of Medicine 325 (7): 445–53. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199108153250701.

Bennardo, Luigi, Maria Passante, Norma Cameli, Antonio Cristaudo, Cataldo Patruno, Steven Paul Nisticò, and Martina Silvestri. 2021. “Skin Manifestations After Ionizing Radiation Exposure: A Systematic Review.” Bioengineering 8 (11): 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110153.

Benrashid, Ehsan, Linda M. Youngwirth, Leila Mureebe, and Jeffrey H. Lawson. 2016. “Operative and Perioperative Management of Infected Arteriovenous Grafts.” The Journal of Vascular Access 18 (1): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.5301/jva.5000613.

Berchiolli, Raffaella, Giulia Bertagna, Daniele Adami, Francesco Canovaro, Lorenzo Torri, and Nicola Troisi. 2023. “Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia and the Need for Revascularization.” Journal of Clinical Medicine 12 (7): 2682. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072682.

Besarab, Anatole, Kevin L. Sullivan, Richard P. Ross, and Michael J. Moritz. 1995. “Utility of Intra-Access Pressure Monitoring in Detecting and Correcting Venous Outlet Stenoses Prior to Thrombosis.” Kidney International 47 (5): 1364–73. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1995.192.

Björck, Martin, Jonothan J. Earnshaw, Stefan Acosta, Frederico Bastos Gonçalves, Frederic Cochennec, E. S. Debus, Robert Hinchliffe, et al. 2020. “Editor’s Choice European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Acute Limb Ischaemia.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 59 (2): 173–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.09.006.

Blanchette, Virginie, Malindu E. Fernando, Laura Shin, Vincent L. Rowe, Kenneth R. Ziegler, and David G. Armstrong. 2022. “Evolution of WIfI: Expansion of WIfI Notation After Intervention.” The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, September, 153473462211228. https://doi.org/10.1177/15347346221122860.

Boersma, Doeke, Ramon RJP van Eekeren, Hans JC Kelder, Debora AB Werson, Suzanne Holewijn, Michiel A Schreve, Michel MPJ Reijnen, and Jean Paul PM de Vries. 2014a. “Mechanochemical Endovenous Ablation Versus Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Primary Small Saphenous Vein Insufficiency (MESSI Trial): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.” Trials 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-421.

———. 2014b. “Mechanochemical Endovenous Ablation Versus Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Primary Small Saphenous Vein Insufficiency (MESSI Trial): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.” Trials 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-421.

Bootun, Roshan, Tristan R. A. Lane, Ian J. Franklin, and Alun H. Davies. 2017a. “Endovenous Sealing of Superficial Veins.” In, 145–52. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65226-9_11.

———. 2017b. “Endovenous Sealing of Superficial Veins.” In, 145–52. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65226-9_11.

Bourquelot, Pierre. 2016a. “Access Flow Reduction for Cardiac Failure.” The Journal of Vascular Access 17 (1_suppl): S60–63. https://doi.org/10.5301/jva.5000517.

———. 2016b. “Access Flow Reduction for Cardiac Failure.” The Journal of Vascular Access 17 (1_suppl): S60–63. https://doi.org/10.5301/jva.5000517.

Bylsma, L. C., S. M. Gage, H. Reichert, S. L. M. Dahl, and J. H. Lawson. 2017a. “Arteriovenous Fistulae for Haemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety Outcomes.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 54 (4): 513–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.06.024.

———. 2017b. “Arteriovenous Fistulae for Haemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety Outcomes.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 54 (4): 513–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.06.024.

Chaikof, Elliot L., Ronald L. Dalman, Mark K. Eskandari, Benjamin M. Jackson, W. Anthony Lee, M. Ashraf Mansour, Tara M. Mastracci, et al. 2018. “The Society for Vascular Surgery Practice Guidelines on the Care of Patients with an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 67 (1): 2–77.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.10.044.

Charytan, David, and David S. Goldfarb. 2000. “Indications for Hospitalization of Patients With Hyperkalemia.” Archives of Internal Medicine 160 (11): 1605. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.11.1605.

Chen, Yi-Kong, Chih-Sheng Chu, Sheng-Wen Niu, Hugo You-Hsien Lin, Pei-Hua Yu, Feng-Ching Shen, Yu-Lin Chao, I-Ching Kuo, Chi-Chih Hung, and Jer-Ming Chang. 2023. “The Prognostic Value of URR Equals That of Kt/V for All-Cause Mortality in Taiwan After 10-Year Follow-up.” Scientific Reports 13 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35353-8.

Cheon, Bo Kyung, Cho Long Kim, Ka Ram Kim, Min Hye Kang, Jeong Ae Lim, Nam Sik Woo, Ka Young Rhee, Hae Kyoung Kim, and Jae Hun Kim. 2018. “Radiation Safety: A Focus on Lead Aprons and Thyroid Shields in Interventional Pain Management.” The Korean Journal of Pain 31 (4): 244–52. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2018.31.4.244.

Cioffi, Dante Luigi, Luca Fontana, Veruscka Leso, Pasquale Dolce, Rosalba Vitale, Ilaria Vetrani, Aniello Galdi, and Ivo Iavicoli. 2020. “Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Exposure and Risk of Thyroid Functional Alterations in Healthcare Workers.” European Journal of Radiology 132 (November): 109279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109279.

“Clinical Practice Guidelines for Vascular Access.” 2006. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 48 (July): S176–247. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.04.029.

Coentrão, Luis, and Luc Turmel-Rodrigues. 2013a. “Monitoring Dialysis Arteriovenous Fistulae: It’s in Our Hands.” The Journal of Vascular Access 14 (3): 209–15. https://doi.org/10.5301/jva.5000141.

———. 2013b. “Monitoring Dialysis Arteriovenous Fistulae: It’s in Our Hands.” The Journal of Vascular Access 14 (3): 209–15. https://doi.org/10.5301/jva.5000141.

Coentrão, Luís, Wim Van Biesen, Inout Nistor, Jan Tordoir, Maurizio Gallieni, Anna Marti Monros, and Davide Bolignano. 2015. “Preferred Haemodialysis Vascular Access for Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Literature Review.” The Journal of Vascular Access 16 (4): 259–64. https://doi.org/10.5301/jva.5000323.

Conte, Michael S., Andrew W. Bradbury, Philippe Kolh, John V. White, Florian Dick, Robert Fitridge, Joseph L. Mills, et al. 2019a. “Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 69 (6): 3S–125S.e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016.

———, et al. 2019b. “Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 69 (6): 3S–125S.e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016.

———, et al. 2019c. “Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 69 (6): 3S–125S.e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016.

———, et al. 2019d. “Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 69 (6): 3S–125S.e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016.

———, et al. 2019e. “Global Vascular Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 69 (6): 3S–125S.e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.02.016.

Conte, Michael S., Frank B. Pomposelli, Daniel G. Clair, Patrick J. Geraghty, James F. McKinsey, Joseph L. Mills, Gregory L. Moneta, et al. 2015a. “Society for Vascular Surgery Practice Guidelines for Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease of the Lower Extremities: Management of Asymptomatic Disease and Claudication.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 61 (3): 2S–41S.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.12.009.

———, et al. 2015b. “Society for Vascular Surgery Practice Guidelines for Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease of the Lower Extremities: Management of Asymptomatic Disease and Claudication.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 61 (3): 2S–41S.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.12.009.

Creager, Mark A., John A. Kaufman, and Michael S. Conte. 2012. “Acute Limb Ischemia.” New England Journal of Medicine 366 (23): 2198–2206. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmcp1006054.

D’Ayala, Marcus, Robina M. Smith, Catherine Martone, William Briggs, Jonathan S. Deitch, and Leslie Wise. 2008. “The Effect of Systemic Anticoagulation in Patients Undergoing Angioaccess Surgery.” Annals of Vascular Surgery 22 (1): 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2007.09.002.

Dariushnia, Sean R., T. Gregory Walker, James E. Silberzweig, Ganesan Annamalai, Venkataramu Krishnamurthy, Jason W. Mitchell, Timothy L. Swan, Joan C. Wojak, Boris Nikolic, and Mehran Midia. 2016. “Quality Improvement Guidelines for Percutaneous Image-Guided Management of the Thrombosed or Dysfunctional Dialysis Circuit.” Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 27 (10): 1518–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2016.07.015.

Darling, R. Clement, and C. Keith Ozaki, eds. 2016. Vascular Surgery. Arterial Procedures. Master Techniques in Surgery. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.

Davidson, Dion, George Louridas, Randolph Guzman, John Tanner, Wendy Weighell, Jodi Spelay, and Dan Chateau. 2003. “Steal Syndrome Complicating Upper Extremity Hemoaccess Procedures: Incidence and Risk Factors.” Canadian Journal of Surgery 46 (6): 408–12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3211763/.

Davies, Alun H. 2019a. “The Seriousness of Chronic Venous Disease: A Review of Real-World Evidence.” Advances in Therapy 36 (S1): 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-0881-7.

———. 2019b. “The Seriousness of Chronic Venous Disease: A Review of Real-World Evidence.” Advances in Therapy 36 (S1): 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-0881-7.

Dillavou, Ellen D., Satish C. Muluk, and Michel S. Makaroun. 2006. “A Decade of Change in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in the United States: Have We Improved Outcomes Equally Between Men and Women?” Journal of Vascular Surgery 43 (2): 230–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2005.09.043.

DiLosa, Kathryn L., Ryan Khoa Nguyen, Christina Brown, Aidan Waugh, and Misty D. Humphries. 2023. “Defining Vascular Deserts to Describe Access to Care and Identify Sites for Targeted Limb Preservation Outreach.” Annals of Vascular Surgery 95 (September): 125–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2023.05.025.

Eberhardt, Robert T., and Joseph D. Raffetto. 2014a. “Chronic Venous Insufficiency.” Circulation 130 (4): 333–46. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.113.006898.

———. 2014b. “Chronic Venous Insufficiency.” Circulation 130 (4): 333–46. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.113.006898.

Eklof, Bo, Michel Perrin, Konstantinos T. Delis, Robert B. Rutherford, and Peter Gloviczki. 2009a. “Updated Terminology of Chronic Venous Disorders: The VEIN-TERM Transatlantic Interdisciplinary Consensus Document.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 49 (2): 498–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.09.014.

———. 2009b. “Updated Terminology of Chronic Venous Disorders: The VEIN-TERM Transatlantic Interdisciplinary Consensus Document.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 49 (2): 498–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.09.014.

Eknoyan, Garabed, Adeera Levin, and Nathan W. Levin. 2003. “Bone Metabolism and Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 42 (October): 1–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6386(03)00905-3.

Elder, Deirdre, and Catherine Vu. 2013. “Pregnancy and the Working Interventional Radiologist.” Seminars in Interventional Radiology 30 (04): 403–7. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1359735.

Eliason, Jonathan L., Reid M. Wainess, Mary C. Proctor, Justin B. Dimick, John A. Cowan, Gilbert R. Upchurch, James C. Stanley, and Peter K. Henke. 2003. “A National and Single Institutional Experience in the Contemporary Treatment of Acute Lower Extremity Ischemia.” Annals of Surgery 238 (3): 382–90. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000086663.49670.d1.

Fenves, Andrew Z., Michael Emmett, Martin G. White, Guerdon Greenway, and Douglas B. Michaels. 1986. “Carpal Tunnel Syndrome With Cystic Bone Lesions Secondary to Amyloidosis in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 7 (2): 130–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6386(86)80133-0.

Francis, Anna, Meera N. Harhay, Albert C. M. Ong, Sri Lekha Tummalapalli, Alberto Ortiz, Agnes B. Fogo, Danilo Fliser, et al. 2024. “Chronic Kidney Disease and the Global Public Health Agenda: An International Consensus.” Nature Reviews Nephrology 20 (7): 473–85. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-024-00820-6.

Fysaraki, Maria, George Samonis, Antonis Valachis, Eugenios Daphnis, Drosos E. Karageorgopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Kostas Stylianou, and Diamantis P. Kofteridis. 2013. “Incidence, Clinical, Microbiological Features and Outcome of Bloodstream Infections in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.” International Journal of Medical Sciences 10 (12): 1632–38. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.6710.

Georgiadis, G. S., D. G. Charalampidis, C. Argyriou, E. I. Georgakarakos, and M. K. Lazarides. 2015. “The Necessity for Routine Pre-Operative Ultrasound Mapping Before Arteriovenous Fistula Creation: A Meta-Analysis.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 49 (5): 600–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.01.012.

Gerhard-Herman, Marie D., Heather L. Gornik, Coletta Barrett, Neal R. Barshes, Matthew A. Corriere, Douglas E. Drachman, Lee A. Fleisher, et al. 2017a. “2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.” Circulation 135 (12). https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000470.

———, et al. 2017b. “2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.” Circulation 135 (12). https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000470.

Giannakakis, Sotirios, George Galyfos, Ioannis Sachmpazidis, Kostas Kapasas, Stavros Kerasidis, Ioannis Stamatatos, Georgios Geropapas, Georgios Kastrisios, Gerasimos Papacharalampous, and Chrisostomos Maltezos. 2017. “Thrombolysis in Peripheral Artery Disease.” Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease 11 (4): 125–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753944716687517.

Gloviczki, Peter, Peter F. Lawrence, Suman M. Wasan, Mark H. Meissner, Jose Almeida, Kellie R. Brown, Ruth L. Bush, et al. 2024a. “The 2023 Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum, and American Vein and Lymphatic Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Varicose Veins of the Lower Extremities. Part II.” Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 12 (1): 101670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2023.08.011.

———, et al. 2024b. “The 2023 Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum, and American Vein and Lymphatic Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Varicose Veins of the Lower Extremities. Part II.” Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 12 (1): 101670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2023.08.011.

Goel, N., G. A. Miller, M. C. Jotwani, J. Licht, I. Schur, and W. P. Arnold. 2006. “Minimally Invasive Limited Ligation Endoluminal-Assisted Revision (MILLER) for Treatment of Dialysis Access-Associated Steal Syndrome.” Kidney International 70 (4): 765–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5001554.

Gohel, Manjit S., Francine Heatley, Xinxue Liu, Andrew Bradbury, Richard Bulbulia, Nicky Cullum, David M. Epstein, et al. 2018a. “A Randomized Trial of Early Endovenous Ablation in Venous Ulceration.” New England Journal of Medicine 378 (22): 2105–14. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1801214.

———, et al. 2018b. “A Randomized Trial of Early Endovenous Ablation in Venous Ulceration.” New England Journal of Medicine 378 (22): 2105–14. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1801214.

Hackler, Eddie L., Naomi M. Hamburg, and Khendi T. White Solaru. 2021. “Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease.” Circulation Research 128 (12): 1913–26. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.121.318243.

Hager, Eric S., Christopher Washington, Amy Steinmetz, Timothy Wu, Michael Singh, and Ellen Dillavou. 2016a. “Factors That Influence Perforator Vein Closure Rates Using Radiofrequency Ablation, Laser Ablation, or Foam Sclerotherapy.” Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 4 (1): 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2015.08.004.

———. 2016b. “Factors That Influence Perforator Vein Closure Rates Using Radiofrequency Ablation, Laser Ablation, or Foam Sclerotherapy.” Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 4 (1): 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2015.08.004.

Halbert, Ronald J., Gina Nicholson, Robert J. Nordyke, Alison Pilgrim, and Laura Niklason. 2020. “Patency of ePTFE Arteriovenous Graft Placements in Hemodialysis Patients: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.” Kidney360 1 (12): 1437–46. https://doi.org/10.34067/kid.0003502020.

Hamada, Nobuyuki, and Yuki Fujimichi. 2014. “Classification of Radiation Effects for Dose Limitation Purposes: History, Current Situation and Future Prospects.” Journal of Radiation Research 55 (4): 629–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rru019.

Hardman, Rulon, Omid Jazaeri, J. Yi, M. Smith, and Rajan Gupta. 2014. “Overview of Classification Systems in Peripheral Artery Disease.” Seminars in Interventional Radiology 31 (04): 378–88. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1393976.

“Health Disparities | DASH | CDC.” 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/disparities/index.htm.

Hisata, Yoichi, Taku Inoue, Yuichi Tasaki, Tomohiro Odate, and Takafumi Yamada. 2022. “Management of Arteriovenous Graft Infection.” Annals of Vascular Diseases 15 (4): 282–88. https://doi.org/10.3400/avd.oa.22-00058.

Hoel, Andrew W., Ahmed Kayssi, Soma Brahmanandam, Michael Belkin, Michael S. Conte, and Louis L. Nguyen. 2009. “Under-Representation of Women and Ethnic Minorities in Vascular Surgery Randomized Controlled Trials.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 50 (2): 349–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2009.01.012.

Howard, Dominic P J, Liam Gaziano, and Peter M Rothwell. 2021. “Risk of Stroke in Relation to Degree of Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: A Population-Based Cohort Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis.” The Lancet Neurology 20 (3): 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30484-1.

Hwang, Songhon, Julio Ramos, Kelsey Berger, Daniel Veyg, Sungyup Kim, Michael Marin, Peter Faries, and Windsor Ting. 2020a. “Long-Term Outcomes After Iliocaval Venous Stenting.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 72 (5): e368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.08.090.

———. 2020b. “Long-Term Outcomes After Iliocaval Venous Stenting.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 72 (5): e368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.08.090.

Iglesias, Maria Laura, Angelica Schmidt, Abir Al Ghuzlan, Ludovic Lacroix, Florent de Vathaire, Sylvie Chevillard, and Martin Schlumberger. 2017. “Radiation Exposure and Thyroid Cancer: A Review.” Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism 61 (2): 180–87. https://doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000257.

“Information for Radiation Workers.” n.d. https://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/health-effects/info.html.

Jacob, S., L. Donadille, C. Maccia, O. Bar, S. Boveda, D. Laurier, and M.-O. Bernier. 2012. “Eye Lens Radiation Exposure to Interventional Cardiologists: A Retrospective Assessment of Cumulativedoses.” Radiation Protection Dosimetry 153 (3): 282–93. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncs116.

Jarvis, Martin A, Claire L Jarvis, Peter R. M Jones, and Tomasz J Spyt. 2000. “Reliability of Allen’s Test in Selection of Patients for Radial Artery Harvest.” The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 70 (4): 1362–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(00)01551-4.

Johansen, Kirsten L., David T. Gilbertson, Shuling Li, Suying Li, Jiannong Liu, Nicholas S. Roetker, Elaine Ku, et al. 2024a. “US Renal Data System 2023 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 83 (4): A8–13. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.01.001.

———, et al. 2024b. “US Renal Data System 2023 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 83 (4): A8–13. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.01.001.

Kabnick, Lowell S., Mikel Sadek, Haraldur Bjarnason, Dawn M. Coleman, Ellen D. Dillavou, Anil P. Hingorani, Brajesh K. Lal, Peter F. Lawrence, Rafael D. Malgor, and Alessandra Puggioni. 2021. “Classification and Treatment of Endothermal Heat-Induced Thrombosis: Recommendations from the American Venous Forum and the Society for Vascular Surgery.” Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 9 (1): 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.06.008.

Karnabatidis, Dimitris, Stavros Spiliopoulos, Dimitrios Tsetis, and Dimitris Siablis. 2011. “Quality Improvement Guidelines for Percutaneous Catheter-Directed Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis and Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Lower-Limb Ischemia.” CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 34 (6): 1123–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-011-0258-z.

Kassem, Hussein Heshmat, and Mahmoud Farouk Elmahdy. 2014. Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm Current Diagnosis and Treatment. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3471.2640.

Kassem, Hussein Heshmat, Mahmoud Farouk Elmahdy, Essam Baligh Ewis, and Soilman Ghareeb Mahdy. 2013. “Incidence and Predictors of Post-Catheterization Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysms.” The Egyptian Heart Journal 65 (3): 213–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehj.2012.07.003.

Kazis, Lewis E., Donald R. Miller, Jack Clark, Katherine Skinner, Austin Lee, William Rogers, Avron Spiro, et al. 1998. “Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Served by the Department of Veterans Affairs.” Archives of Internal Medicine 158 (6): 626. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.6.626.

Khan, Tahir, Falahat Farooqui, and Khusrow Niazi. 2008. “Critical Review of the Ankle Brachial Index.” Current Cardiology Reviews 4 (2): 101–6. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340308784245810.

“Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States - NIDDK.” n.d. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/kidney-disease.

Kim, Jae Hun. 2018. “Three Principles for Radiation Safety: Time, Distance, and Shielding.” The Korean Journal of Pain 31 (3): 145–46. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2018.31.3.145.

Kim, Young, C. Y. Maximilian Png, Brandon J. Sumpio, Charles S. DeCarlo, and Anahita Dua. 2021a. “Defining the Human and Health Care Costs of Chronic Venous Insufficiency.” Seminars in Vascular Surgery 34 (1): 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2021.02.007.

———. 2021b. “Defining the Human and Health Care Costs of Chronic Venous Insufficiency.” Seminars in Vascular Surgery 34 (1): 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2021.02.007.

King, Joshua David, Moritz H. Kern, and Bernard G. Jaar. 2019. “Extracorporeal Removal of Poisons and Toxins.” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 14 (9): 1408–15. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.02560319.

Kirkwood, Melissa L., Andrea Klein, Jeffrey Guild, Gary Arbique, Yin Xi, Shirling Tsai, Bala Ramanan, and Carlos Timaran. 2020. “Novel Modification to Leaded Eyewear Results in Significant Operator Eye Radiation Dose Reduction.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 72 (6): 2139–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.02.049.

Koch, Karl M. 1992. “Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis.” Kidney International 41 (5): 1416–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1992.207.

Kraut, Jeffrey A., and Nicolaos E. Madias. 2010. “Consequences and Therapy of the Metabolic Acidosis of Chronic Kidney Disease.” Pediatric Nephrology 26 (1): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-010-1564-4.

Kuningas, Kulli, and Nicholas Inston. 2021. “Age Is Just a Number: Is Frailty Being Ignored in Vascular Access Planning for Dialysis?” The Journal of Vascular Access 23 (2): 192–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1129729821989902.

Lawson, Jeffrey H., Laura E. Niklason, and Prabir Roy-Chaudhury. 2020. “Challenges and Novel Therapies for Vascular Access in Haemodialysis.” Nature Reviews Nephrology 16 (10): 586–602. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0333-2.

Lazarides, M. K. 2002. “Diabetes Should Not Preclude Efforts for Creation of a Primary Radiocephalic Fistula.” Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 17 (10). https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/17.10.1852-a.

Lederle, Frank A., Tassos C. Kyriakides, Kevin T. Stroupe, Julie A. Freischlag, Frank T. Padberg, Jon S. Matsumura, Zhiping Huo, and Gary R. Johnson. 2019. “Open Versus Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.” New England Journal of Medicine 380 (22): 2126–35. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1715955.

Lederle, Frank A., Samuel E. Wilson, Gary R. Johnson, Donovan B. Reinke, Fred N. Littooy, Charles W. Acher, David J. Ballard, et al. 2002. “Immediate Repair Compared with Surveillance of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.” New England Journal of Medicine 346 (19): 1437–44. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa012573.

Lee, Michael Ho-Yan, Pei Ye Li, Ben Li, Audrey Shakespeare, Yasith Samarasinghe, Tiam Feridooni, Cesar Cuen-Ojeda, Lina Alshabanah, Teruko Kishibe, and Mohammed Al-Omran. 2022. “A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sex- and Gender-Based Differences in Presentation Severity and Outcomes in Adults Undergoing Major Vascular Surgery.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 76 (2): 581–594.e25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2022.02.030.

Lee, Timmy. 2017. “Fistula First Initiative: Historical Impact on Vascular Access Practice Patterns and Influence on Future Vascular Access Care.” Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology 8 (3): 244–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-017-0319-9.

Lee, Timmy, Nida Safdar, Meenakshi J. Mistry, Yang Wang, Vibha Chauhan, Begoña Campos, Rino Munda, Virgilius Cornea, and Prabir Roy-Chaudhury. 2012. “Preexisting Venous Calcification Prior to Dialysis Vascular Access Surgery.” Seminars in Dialysis 25 (5): 592–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-139x.2012.01063.x.

Lee, Timmy, Ahsan Ullah, Michael Allon, Paul Succop, Mahmoud El-Khatib, Rino Munda, and Prabir Roy-Chaudhury. 2011. “Decreased Cumulative Access Survival in Arteriovenous Fistulas Requiring Interventions to Promote Maturation.” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 6 (3): 575–81. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.06630810.

Leuraud, Klervi, David B Richardson, Elisabeth Cardis, Robert D Daniels, Michael Gillies, Jacqueline A O’Hagan, Ghassan B Hamra, et al. 2015. “Ionising Radiation and Risk of Death from Leukaemia and Lymphoma in Radiation-Monitored Workers (INWORKS): An International Cohort Study.” The Lancet Haematology 2 (7): e276–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3026(15)00094-0.

Li, Hanzhou, Serena Jen, Tarun Ramayya, H. Gregory Bowers, and Eran Rotem. 2018. “Unanticipated Late Maturation of an Arteriovenous Fistula After Creation of Separate Graft Access.” Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery 8 (4): 444–46. https://doi.org/10.21037/qims.2018.01.03.

Liew, Yin Ping, and John R Bartholomew. 2005. “Atheromatous Embolization.” Vascular Medicine 10 (4): 309–26. https://doi.org/10.1191/1358863x05vm640ra.

Lockhart, Mark E., Michelle L. Robbin, Naomi S. Fineberg, Charles G. Wells, and Michael Allon. 2006. “Cephalic Vein Measurement Before Forearm Fistula Creation.” Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 25 (12): 1541–45. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2006.25.12.1541.

Loganovsky, Konstantin N., Donatella Marazziti, Pavlo A. Fedirko, Kostiantyn V. Kuts, Katerina Y. Antypchuk, Iryna V. Perchuk, Tetyana F. Babenko, et al. 2020. “Radiation-Induced Cerebro-Ophthalmic Effects in Humans.” Life 10 (4): 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10040041.

Lok, Charmaine E., Michael Allon, Louise Moist, Matthew J. Oliver, Hemal Shah, and Deborah Zimmerman. 2006. “Risk Equation Determining Unsuccessful Cannulation Events and Failure to Maturation in Arteriovenous Fistulas (REDUCE FTM I).” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 17 (11): 3204–12. https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2006030190.

Lok, Charmaine E., Thomas S. Huber, Timmy Lee, Surendra Shenoy, Alexander S. Yevzlin, Kenneth Abreo, Michael Allon, et al. 2020a. “KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Vascular Access: 2019 Update.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 75 (4): S1–164. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.12.001.

———, et al. 2020b. “KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Vascular Access: 2019 Update.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 75 (4): S1–164. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.12.001.

———, et al. 2020c. “KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Vascular Access: 2019 Update.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 75 (4): S1–164. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.12.001.

———, et al. 2020d. “KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Vascular Access: 2019 Update.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 75 (4): S1–164. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.12.001.

Lumsden, A. 1997. “Central Venous Stenosis in the Hemodialysis Patient: Incidence and Efficacy of Endovascular Treatment.” Cardiovascular Surgery 5 (5): 504–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0967-2109(97)00043-4.

Lurie, Fedor, Marc Passman, Mark Meisner, Michael Dalsing, Elna Masuda, Harold Welch, Ruth L. Bush, et al. 2020a. “The 2020 Update of the CEAP Classification System and Reporting Standards.” Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 8 (3): 342–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.12.075.

———, et al. 2020b. “The 2020 Update of the CEAP Classification System and Reporting Standards.” Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 8 (3): 342–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.12.075.

MacRae, Jennifer M., Ayesha Ahmed, Nathan Johnson, Adeera Levin, and Mercedeh Kiaii. 2005. “Central Vein Stenosis: A Common Problem in Patients on Hemodialysis.” ASAIO Journal 51 (1): 77–81. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mat.0000151921.95165.1e.

Maleti, O., and M. Perrin. 2011a. “Reconstructive Surgery for Deep Vein Reflux in the Lower Limbs: Techniques, Results and Indications.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 41 (6): 837–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.02.013.

———. 2011b. “Reconstructive Surgery for Deep Vein Reflux in the Lower Limbs: Techniques, Results and Indications.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 41 (6): 837–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.02.013.

Malovrh, Marko. 2002. “Native Arteriovenous Fistula: Preoperative Evaluation.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 39 (6): 1218–25. https://doi.org/10.1053/ajkd.2002.33394.

“Mapping Healthcare Deserts: 80.” n.d. https://www.goodrx.com/healthcare-access/research/healthcare-deserts-80-percent-of-country-lacks-adequate-healthcare-access.

Marci, Roberto, Maddalena Mallozzi, Luisa Di Benedetto, Mauro Schimberni, Stefano Mossa, Ilaria Soave, Stefano Palomba, and Donatella Caserta. 2018. “Radiations and Female Fertility.” Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 16 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0432-0.

McDermott, Mary M., and Michael H. Criqui. 2018. “Ankle-Brachial Index Screening and Improving Peripheral Artery Disease Detection and Outcomes.” JAMA 320 (2): 143. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.8953.

Meissner, Mark H. 2005a. “Lower Extremity Venous Anatomy.” Seminars in Interventional Radiology 22 (03): 147–56. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-921948.

———. 2005b. “Lower Extremity Venous Anatomy.” Seminars in Interventional Radiology 22 (03): 147–56. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-921948.

Michaels, J, W Campbell, J Brazier, J MacIntyre, S Palfreyman, J Ratcliffe, and K Rigby. 2006a. “Randomised Clinical Trial, Observational Study and Assessment of Cost-Effectiveness of the Treatment of Varicose Veins (REACTIV Trial).” Health Technology Assessment 10 (13). https://doi.org/10.3310/hta10130.

———. 2006b. “Randomised Clinical Trial, Observational Study and Assessment of Cost-Effectiveness of the Treatment of Varicose Veins (REACTIV Trial).” Health Technology Assessment 10 (13). https://doi.org/10.3310/hta10130.

Miles, A. 1999. “Vascular Steal Syndrome and Ischaemic Monomelic Neuropathy: Two Variants of Upper Limb Ischaemia After Haemodialysis Vascular Access Surgery.” Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 14 (2): 297–300. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/14.2.297.

Mills, Joseph L., Michael S. Conte, David G. Armstrong, Frank B. Pomposelli, Andres Schanzer, Anton N. Sidawy, and George Andros. 2014. “The Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classification System: Risk Stratification Based on Wound, Ischemia, and Foot Infection (WIfI).” Journal of Vascular Surgery 59 (1): 220–234.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2013.08.003.

Misra-Hebert, Anita D., Laura Santurri, Richard DeChant, Brook Watts, Michael Rothberg, Ashwini R. Sehgal, and David C. Aron. 2015. “Understanding the Health Needs and Barriers to Seeking Health Care of Veteran Students in the Community.” Southern Medical Journal 108 (8): 488–93. https://doi.org/10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000326.

Mitchell, Erica L., and Patricia Furey. 2011. “Prevention of Radiation Injury from Medical Imaging.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 53 (1): 22S–27S. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.05.139.

Moore, Wesley S., Peter F. Lawrence, and Gustavo S. Oderich, eds. 2019a. Moore’s vascular and endovascular surgery: a comprehensive review. Ninth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.

———, eds. 2019b. Vascular and Endovascular Surgery: A Comprehensive Review. Ninth edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders.

Mudoni, Anna, Marina Cornacchiari, Maurizio Gallieni, Carlo Guastoni, Damian McGrogan, Francesco Logias, Emiliana Ferramosca, Marco Mereghetti, and Nicholas Inston. 2015a. “Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms in Dialysis Access.” Clinical Kidney Journal 8 (4): 363–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfv042.

———. 2015b. “Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms in Dialysis Access.” Clinical Kidney Journal 8 (4): 363–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfv042.

Nijsten, Tamar, Renate R. van den Bos, Mitchel P. Goldman, Michael A. Kockaert, Thomas M. Proebstle, Eberhard Rabe, Neil S. Sadick, Robert A. Weiss, and Martino H. A. Neumann. 2009. “Minimally Invasive Techniques in the Treatment of Saphenous Varicose Veins.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 60 (1): 110–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2008.07.046.

Nursal, Tarik Z., Levent Oguzkurt, Fahri Tercan, Nurkan Torer, Turgut Noyan, Hamdi Karakayali, and Mehmet Haberal. 2006. “Is Routine Preoperative Ultrasonographic Mapping for Arteriovenous Fistula Creation Necessary in Patients with Favorable Physical Examination Findings? Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.” World Journal of Surgery 30 (6): 1100–1107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-005-0586-8.

Olinic, Dan-Mircea, Agata Stanek, Dan-Alexandru Tătaru, Călin Homorodean, and Maria Olinic. 2019. “Acute Limb Ischemia: An Update on Diagnosis and Management.” Journal of Clinical Medicine 8 (8): 1215. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081215.

Oliver, Matthew J., Deanna M. Rothwell, Kinwah Fung, Janet E. Hux, and Charmaine E. Lok. 2004. “Late Creation of Vascular Access for Hemodialysis and Increased Risk of Sepsis.” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 15 (7): 1936–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.asn.0000131524.52012.f8.

Palfreyman, S J, and J A Michaels. 2009a. “A Systematic Review of Compression Hosiery for Uncomplicated Varicose Veins.” Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 24 (1_suppl): 13–33. https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2009.09s003.

———. 2009b. “A Systematic Review of Compression Hosiery for Uncomplicated Varicose Veins.” Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 24 (1_suppl): 13–33. https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2009.09s003.

Parienti, Jean-Jacques, Marina Thirion, Bruno Mégarbane, Bertrand Souweine, Abdelali Ouchikhe, Andrea Polito, Jean-Marie Forel, Sophie Marqué, Benoît Misset, Norair Airapetian, Claire Daurel, Jean-Paul Mira, Michel Ramakers, Damien du Cheyron, et al. 2008. “Femoral Vs Jugular Venous Catheterization and Risk of Nosocomial Events in Adults Requiring Acute Renal Replacement Therapy.” JAMA 299 (20): 2413. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.299.20.2413.

Parienti, Jean-Jacques, Marina Thirion, Bruno Mégarbane, Bertrand Souweine, Abdelali Ouchikhe, Andrea Polito, Jean-Marie Forel, Sophie Marqué, Benoît Misset, Norair Airapetian, Claire Daurel, Jean-Paul Mira, Michel Ramakers, Damien Du Cheyron, et al. 2008. “Femoral Vs Jugular Venous Catheterization and Risk of Nosocomial Events in Adults Requiring Acute Renal Replacement Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” JAMA 299 (20): 2413. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.299.20.2413.

Parkinson, Fran, Stuart Ferguson, Peter Lewis, Ian M. Williams, and Christopher P. Twine. 2015. “Rupture Rates of Untreated Large Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Patients Unfit for Elective Repair.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 61 (6): 1606–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.10.023.

Parodi, J. C., J. C. Palmaz, and H. D. Barone. 1991. “Transfemoral Intraluminal Graft Implantation for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.” Annals of Vascular Surgery 5 (6): 491–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02015271.

Patel, Manesh R., Hani Jneid, Colin P. Derdeyn, Lloyd W. Klein, Glenn N. Levine, Robert A. Lookstein, Christopher J. White, Yerem Yeghiazarians, and Kenneth Rosenfield. 2010a. “Arteriotomy Closure Devices for Cardiovascular Procedures.” Circulation 122 (18): 1882–93. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0b013e3181f9b345.

———. 2010b. “Arteriotomy Closure Devices for Cardiovascular Procedures.” Circulation 122 (18): 1882–93. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0b013e3181f9b345.

Paul, Benjamin Z. S., and Colin M. Feeney. 2003. “Combining the Modified Allen’s Test and Pulse Oximetry for Evaluating Ulnar Collateral Circulation to the Hand for Radial Artery Catheterization of the ED Patient.” The California Journal of Emergency Medicine 4 (4): 89–91. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2906959/.

“Peripheral IV Catheter Chart.” n.d. https://pedagogyeducation.com/Resources/Infusion/Peripheral-IV-Catheter-Chart.

Perrin, Michel, Denis Creton, Nicolas Fassiadis, and Seiji Kato. n.d.a. “Endovenous Treatment of Lower-Limb . . . . . PAGE 337 Varices by Laser and Radiofrequency.”

———. n.d.b. “Endovenous Treatment of Lower-Limb . . . . . PAGE 337 Varices by Laser and Radiofrequency.”

Prabhakaran, Manoj, Himansu sekhar Mahapatra, Ranjith kumar Nath, Lalit Pursnani, Muthukumar Balakrishnan, Anamika Singh, Amandeep Singh, Sanket Patil, and Abhisek Gautam. 2023a. “Comparison of Clinical Examination, Doppler and Fistulogram for Arterio-Venous Fistula Surveillance in Detecting Secondary Failure.” The Journal of Vascular Access 25 (5): 1567–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/11297298231161461.

———. 2023b. “Comparison of Clinical Examination, Doppler and Fistulogram for Arterio-Venous Fistula Surveillance in Detecting Secondary Failure.” The Journal of Vascular Access 25 (5): 1567–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/11297298231161461.

Qrareya, Mohammad, and Bara Zuhaili. 2021. “Management of Postoperative Complications Following Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair.” Surgical Clinics of North America 101 (5): 785–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2021.05.020.

“Radiation Emergency Preparedness and Response - Response | Occupational Safety and Health Administration.” n.d. https://www.osha.gov/emergency-preparedness/radiation/response.

“Radiation In Perspective.” n.d.

Rautio, Tero, Arto Ohinmaa, Jukka Perälä, Pasi Ohtonen, Timo Heikkinen, Heikki Wiik, Pasi Karjalainen, Kari Haukipuro, and Tatu Juvonen. 2002a. “Endovenous Obliteration Versus Conventional Stripping Operation in the Treatment of Primary Varicose Veins: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Comparison of the Costs.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 35 (5): 958–65. https://doi.org/10.1067/mva.2002.123096.

———. 2002b. “Endovenous Obliteration Versus Conventional Stripping Operation in the Treatment of Primary Varicose Veins: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Comparison of the Costs.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 35 (5): 958–65. https://doi.org/10.1067/mva.2002.123096.

Remington, Patrick L, Bridget B Catlin, and Keith P Gennuso. 2015. “The County Health Rankings: Rationale and Methods.” Population Health Metrics 13 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12963-015-0044-2.

Rial, Rodrigo, and Eliseo Vañó. 2021. “Understanding the Basis of Radiation Protection for Endovascular Procedures: Occupational and Patients.” EJVES Vascular Forum 51: 20–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvsvf.2021.03.001.

Ricotta, John J., Ali AbuRahma, Enrico Ascher, Mark Eskandari, Peter Faries, and Brajesh K. Lal. 2011. “Updated Society for Vascular Surgery Guidelines for Management of Extracranial Carotid Disease: Executive Summary.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 54 (3): 832–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.07.004.

Rivera, Philip A., and Jeffery B. Dattilo. 2025. “Pseudoaneurysm.” In. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542244/.

Roca-Tey, Ramon. 2016. “Permanent Arteriovenous Fistula or Catheter Dialysis for Heart Failure Patients.” The Journal of Vascular Access 17 (1_suppl): S23–29. https://doi.org/10.5301/jva.5000511.

Saad, Theodore F., and Thomas M. Vesely. 2004. “Venous Access for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.” Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 15 (10): 1041–45. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.rvi.0000136311.49655.28.

Samara, Eleni Theano, Davide Cester, Miha Furlan, Thomas Pfammatter, Thomas Frauenfelder, and Anja Stüssi. 2022. “Efficiency Evaluation of Leaded Glasses and Visors for Eye Lens Dose Reduction During Fluoroscopy Guided Interventional Procedures.” Physica Medica 100 (August): 129–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.06.021.

Schaik, Theodorus G. van, Kak K. Yeung, Hence J. Verhagen, Jorg L. de Bruin, Marc R. H. M. van Sambeek, Ron Balm, Clark J. Zeebregts, et al. 2017. “Long-Term Survival and Secondary Procedures After Open or Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 66 (5): 1379–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.05.122.

Schanzer, Andres, and Gustavo S. Oderich. 2021. “Management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.” New England Journal of Medicine 385 (18): 1690–98. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp2108504.

Schmidli, Jürg, Matthias K. Widmer, Carlo Basile, Gianmarco de Donato, Maurizio Gallieni, Christopher P. Gibbons, Patrick Haage, et al. 2018a. “Editor’s Choice Vascular Access: 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS).” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 55 (6): 757–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.02.001.

———, et al. 2018b. “Editor’s Choice Vascular Access: 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS).” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 55 (6): 757–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.02.001.

Scott, Thayer E., Wayne W. LaMorte, Daniel R. Gorin, and James O. Menzoian. 1995a. “Risk Factors for Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Dual Case-Control Study.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 22 (5): 622–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0741-5214(95)70050-1.

———. 1995b. “Risk Factors for Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A Dual Case-Control Study.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 22 (5): 622–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0741-5214(95)70050-1.

Sell, H., P. Vikatmaa, A. Albäck, M. Lepäntalo, A. Malmivaara, O. Mahmoud, and M. Venermo. 2014a. “Compression Therapy Versus Surgery in the Treatment of Patients with Varicose Veins: A RCT.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 47 (6): 670–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.02.015.

———. 2014b. “Compression Therapy Versus Surgery in the Treatment of Patients with Varicose Veins: A RCT.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 47 (6): 670–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.02.015.

Shah, Ravish, Tushar J. Vachharajani, and Anil K. Agarwal. 2013. “Aneurysmal Dilatation of Dialysis Arteriovenous Access.” The Open Urology & Nephrology Journal 6 (1): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303x01306010001.

Shahverdyan, Robert, Gerald Beathard, Nasir Mushtaq, Terry F. Litchfield, Peter R. Nelson, and William C. Jennings. 2020. “Comparison of Outcomes of Percutaneous Arteriovenous Fistulae Creation by Ellipsys and WavelinQ Devices.” Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 31 (9): 1365–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2020.06.008.

Sidawy, Anton N., and Bruce A. Perler. 2023a. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. 10th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

———. 2023b. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. 10th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

———. 2023c. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. 10th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

———. 2023d. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. 10th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

———. 2023e. Rutherford’s Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. 10th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

Sidawy, Anton N., Lawrence M. Spergel, Anatole Besarab, Michael Allon, William C. Jennings, Frank T. Padberg, M. Hassan Murad, et al. 2008. “The Society for Vascular Surgery: Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Surgical Placement and Maintenance of Arteriovenous Hemodialysis Access.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 48 (5): S2–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.08.042.

Siracuse, Jeffrey J., Alik Farber, Thomas W. Cheng, Stephen J. Raulli, Douglas W. Jones, Jeffrey A. Kalish, Matthew R. Smeds, Denis Rybin, and Marc L. Schermerhorn. 2019. “Common Femoral Artery Antegrade and Retrograde Approaches Have Similar Access Site Complications.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 69 (4): 1160–1166.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2018.06.226.

Smith, David A., and Craig J. Lilie. 2023. “Acute Arterial Occlusion.” In. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441851/.

———. 2024a. “Acute Arterial Occlusion.” In. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441851/.

———. 2024b. “Acute Arterial Occlusion.” In. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441851/.

Smith, George E., Risha Gohil, and Ian C. Chetter. 2012a. “Factors Affecting the Patency of Arteriovenous Fistulas for Dialysis Access.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 55 (3): 849–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.07.095.

———. 2012b. “Factors Affecting the Patency of Arteriovenous Fistulas for Dialysis Access.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 55 (3): 849–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.07.095.

———. 2012c. “Factors Affecting the Patency of Arteriovenous Fistulas for Dialysis Access.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 55 (3): 849–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.07.095.

Smith, George E., Nehemiah Samuel, Junaid Khan, Brian F. Johnson, and Ian C. Chetter. 2011. “Targeted Duplex Ultrasound in a One-Stop Dialysis Vascular Access Assessment Clinic.” Annals of Vascular Surgery 25 (8): 1099–1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2011.02.043.

“Social Determinants of Health: Key Concepts.” n.d. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/social-determinants-of-health-key-concepts.

Stewart, F. A., A. V. Akleyev, M. Hauer-Jensen, J. H. Hendry, N. J. Kleiman, T. J. MacVittie, B. M. Aleman, et al. 2012. “ICRP PUBLICATION 118: ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions and Early and Late Effects of Radiation in Normal Tissues and Organs Threshold Doses for Tissue Reactions in a Radiation Protection Context.” Edited by C. H. Clement. Annals of the ICRP 41 (1-2): 1–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icrp.2012.02.001.

Tal, Michael G. 2005. “Comparison of Recirculation Percentage of the Palindrome Catheter and Standard Hemodialysis Catheters in a Swine Model.” Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 16 (9): 1237–40. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.rvi.0000171700.45582.9e.

Tan, S. Y., M. B. Pepys, and P. N. Hawkins. 1995. “Treatment of Amyloidosis.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 26 (2): 267–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-6386(95)90647-9.

Tessitore, Nicola, Valeria Bedogna, Giuseppe Verlato, and Albino Poli. 2014. “Clinical Access Assessment.” The Journal of Vascular Access 15 (7_suppl): 20–27. https://doi.org/10.5301/jva.5000242.

Thimmisetty, Ravi K., Swetha Pedavally, Noreen F. Rossi, J. Americo M. Fernandes, and Joleen Fixley. 2017. “Ischemic Monomelic Neuropathy: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Management.” Kidney International Reports 2 (1): 76–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2016.08.013.

Trerotola, Scott O., Shawn Kothari, Therese E. Sammarco, and Jesse L. Chittams. 2015. “Central Venous Stenosis Is More Often Symptomatic in Hemodialysis Patients with Grafts Compared with Fistulas.” Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 26 (2): 240–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2014.10.048.

Tulla, Katrina, Andrew Kowalski, and Erion Qaja. 2024. “Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm.” In. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493210/.

Vasquez, Michael A., Eberhard Rabe, Robert B. McLafferty, Cynthia K. Shortell, William A. Marston, David Gillespie, Mark H. Meissner, and Robert B. Rutherford. 2010a. “Revision of the Venous Clinical Severity Score: Venous Outcomes Consensus Statement: Special Communication of the American Venous Forum Ad Hoc Outcomes Working Group.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 52 (5): 1387–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.06.161.

———. 2010b. “Revision of the Venous Clinical Severity Score: Venous Outcomes Consensus Statement: Special Communication of the American Venous Forum Ad Hoc Outcomes Working Group.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 52 (5): 1387–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.06.161.

Voormolen, Eduard H. J., Abdelkarime Khodadade Jahrome, Lambertus W. Bartels, Frans L. Moll, Willem P. Mali, and Peter J. Blankestijn. 2009a. “Nonmaturation of Arm Arteriovenous Fistulas for Hemodialysis Access: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors and Results of Early Treatment.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 49 (5): 1325–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.11.059.

———. 2009b. “Nonmaturation of Arm Arteriovenous Fistulas for Hemodialysis Access: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors and Results of Early Treatment.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 49 (5): 1325–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.11.059.

Waddell, Bradford S., W. Hunter Waddell, Gustavo Godoy, and Joseph M. Zavatsky. 2016. “Comparison of Ocular Radiation Exposure Utilizing Three Types of Leaded Glasses.” SPINE 41 (4): E231–36. https://doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000001204.

Walker, Michael D. 1995. “Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis.” JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 273 (18): 1421. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03520420037035.

Wdowiak, Artur, Michal Skrzypek, Magdalena Stec, and Lech Panasiuk. 2019. “Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Male Reproductive System.” Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 26 (2): 210–16. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/106085.

Weerakkody, R A, S R Walsh, C Cousins, K E Goldstone, T Y Tang, and M E Gaunt. 2008a. “Radiation Exposure During Endovascular Aneurysm Repair.” British Journal of Surgery 95 (6): 699–702. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6229.

———. 2008b. “Radiation Exposure During Endovascular Aneurysm Repair.” British Journal of Surgery 95 (6): 699–702. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6229.

Weiss, Robert A., Craig Feied, and Margaret A. Weiss. 2001a. Vein diagnosis and treatment: a comprehensive approach. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division.

———. 2001b. Vein diagnosis and treatment: a comprehensive approach. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division.

Wetzig, G. A., I. R. Gough, and C. M. Furnival. 1985. “ONE HUNDRED CASES OF ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA FOR HAEMODIALYSIS ACCESS: THE EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON PATENCY.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery 55 (6): 551–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1985.tb00943.x.

Wijnand, Joep G. J., Devin Zarkowsky, Bian Wu, Steven T. W. van Haelst, Evert-Jan P. A. Vonken, Thomas A. Sorrentino, Zachary Pallister, et al. 2021. “The Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) for CLTI: Improving Inter-Observer Agreement.” Journal of Clinical Medicine 10 (16): 3454. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163454.

Willey, James, Amgad Mentias, Mary Vaughan-Sarrazin, Kimberly McCoy, Gary Rosenthal, and Saket Girotra. 2018. “Epidemiology of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease in Veterans.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 68 (2): 527–535.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.11.083.

Wilmink, T., L. Hollingworth, S. Powers, C. Allen, and I. Dasgupta. 2016. “Natural History of Common Autologous Arteriovenous Fistulae: Consequences for Planning of Dialysis Access.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 51 (1): 134–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.10.005.

Wittens, C., A. H. Davies, N. Bækgaard, R. Broholm, A. Cavezzi, S. Chastanet, M. de Wolf, et al. 2015a. “Editor’s Choice Management of Chronic Venous Disease.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 49 (6): 678–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.02.007.

———, et al. 2015b. “Editor’s Choice Management of Chronic Venous Disease.” European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 49 (6): 678–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.02.007.

Wong, Ben, Maliha Muneer, Natasha Wiebe, Dale Storie, Sabin Shurraw, Neesh Pannu, Scott Klarenbach, Alexa Grudzinski, Gihad Nesrallah, and Robert P. Pauly. 2014. “Buttonhole Versus Rope-Ladder Cannulation of Arteriovenous Fistulas for Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 64 (6): 918–36. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.06.018.

Zierler, R. Eugene, William D. Jordan, Brajesh K. Lal, Firas Mussa, Steven Leers, Joseph Fulton, William Pevec, Andrew Hill, and M. Hassan Murad. 2018a. “The Society for Vascular Surgery Practice Guidelines on Follow-up After Vascular Surgery Arterial Procedures.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 68 (1): 256–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2018.04.018.

———. 2018b. “The Society for Vascular Surgery Practice Guidelines on Follow-up After Vascular Surgery Arterial Procedures.” Journal of Vascular Surgery 68 (1): 256–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2018.04.018.